Sofia, Bulgaria

• Sofia sits below Vitosha Mountain - you can reach hiking trails in about 30 minutes from downtown. The city has layers of history visible everywhere: Roman ruins next to Soviet-era buildings next to modern coffee shops. English works in tourist spots and nicer areas, but you'll need some basic Bulgarian at markets and local restaurants.
• Bulgaria switched to the Euro in January 2026, which makes things easier. Prices are notably lower than Western Europe - a full restaurant meal runs €8-12. The metro system works well for the main routes it covers, though it doesn't reach everywhere.
• Crime levels are similar to other European capitals. Watch your belongings on packed trams and at busy markets - pickpocketing happens. Violent crime against tourists is uncommon. The center feels safe during the day. Avoid the area around Central Station after dark. You'll see police at major tourist sites.
• The yes/no head gesture thing is real - Bulgarians shake their head for yes and nod for no. Many switch it when talking to foreigners, which somehow makes it more confusing. Eating alone is normal here. In neighborhoods like Lozenets and Oborishte you'll see locals camped out at cafes with laptops for hours.

Bulgarian is the main language. Tourist areas, hotels, and upscale restaurants have English speakers. The 112 emergency number has English, French, and German operators. Local neighborhoods and traditional restaurants have limited English.

• The yes/no head gesture is backwards here - they shake for yes, nod for no. Then many switch it around when talking to foreigners. Just ask them to say it out loud if you're confused.
• Locals dress more formally than in some other European cities - they coordinate shoes, bags, accessories. Churches and monasteries require covered shoulders and knees. Bar and club dress codes are relaxed though - your daytime clothes work fine.
• English is limited outside tourist zones and upscale areas. Basic phrases help: 'Zdraveĭte' (hello), 'Blagodarya' (thank you), 'Molya' (please). Keep Google Translate handy.
• Bulgarians are less outgoing than other Balkan cultures - friendly but reserved. Standard handshake greeting. If someone invites you home, bring a small gift. Something from your country goes over well. Tip around 10% if service was good, but it's not mandatory.

• The metro has four lines with 47 stations, including an airport connection. Trains come every 2-3 minutes during rush hour. It's the fastest way across town. Metro rides cost €0.82, buses/trams/trolleys are €1.02.
• You can tap contactless cards, phones, or smartwatches on the readers since 2023 - no need to buy physical tickets. The MPASS app works too. Rush hours (8-9am, 5-6pm) get packed and that's when pickpockets work the crowds.
• Uber and Lyft aren't here, but Yellow Taxi, Taxime, and Volt apps work the same way. The city center is walkable, especially Vitosha Boulevard. Buses 64, 66, 67, 93, and 98 go to different Vitosha Mountain trailheads.
• If you're planning day trips outside the city, consider renting a car.
• For peace of mind on arrival, book your airport pickup in advance.

Explore Sofia with local guides and curated experiences.